Head lice are small, wingless insects that live, breed and feed on the human scalp. They do not generally carry or transmit disease. Head lice have existed for millions of years and, in fact, predate human evolution.
Direct contact is required for transmission from person to person. Lice will crawl from head to head without discrimination.
Head lice facts
A female louse lays three to eight eggs (nits) per day. The eggs are firmly attached to the hair fibres, within 1.5 cm of the scalp, and rely on warmth from the head to hatch. Head lice do not have wings or jumping legs, so they cannot fly or jump from head to head. They can only crawl.
People catch head lice from direct head-to-head contact with another person who has head lice. This can happen when people play, cuddle or work closely together. Head lice are most common among children and their families.
If your family has head lice, tell anyone who has had head-to-head contact with them, so that they can check and treat their family if needed. There is no need to treat the whole family, unless they also have head lice.
Concentrate on treating the affected person’s head. There is no evidence to suggest that you need to clean the house or the classroom. The only linen that requires changing is the affected person’s pillowcase. Wash it in hot water (60 ºC) or dry it in a clothes dryer set to warm or hot.
Itchiness may not disappear immediately after treatment. Persistent itch without evidence of persistent infection is not a reason to repeat the treatment. There are other reasons why your scalp might feel itchy.
Finding head lice
Some people who have a head lice infestation do not itch. It is possible to have head lice and not feel the need to scratch your head. This means that absence of itch is not a reliable sign that you do not have head lice.
If you suspect someone might have been exposed to head lice you will need to closely inspect that person’s hair and scalp.
So what are you looking for? Head lice eggs are oval, and the size of a pinhead. They are firmly attached to the hair shaft and cannot be brushed off. (A live egg will make a ‘pop’ sound if you crush it between your fingernails.)
A louse is a small, wingless, whitish-brown to reddish-brown insect. They have six legs, which end in a claw. Like this:
The easiest and most effective way to find head lice is to use the conditioner and comb treatment weekly. This includes:
- Step 1. Comb hair conditioner onto dry, brushed (detangled) hair. This makes it difficult for lice to grip the hair or run around.
- Step 2. Thoroughly comb sections of the hair with a fine tooth head lice comb.
- Step 3. Wipe the conditioner from the comb onto a paper towel or tissue.
- Step 4. Look on the tissue and on the comb for lice and eggs.
- Step 5. Repeat the combing for every part of the head at least four or five times.
- Step 6. If lice or eggs are found, the person should be treated.
Note: If the person has been treated recently and only hatched eggs are found, you may not have to treat them again, since the eggs could be from the old infection. A hatched egg looks like an egg with its top cut off:
Treatment for head lice
The two preferred treatment options available for initially treating head lice are the ‘conditioner and comb’ method, and the use of an insecticide.
Using insecticide products
Any head lice treatment product you choose should carry an Australian Registered (AUST R) or Australian Listed (AUST L)
on the outer packaging. These numbers show that the product is accepted by the Therapeutic Goods Administration for supply in Australia.If you use a lotion, apply the product to dry hair. For shampoo products, wet the hair, but use as little water as possible.
Head lice live in the hair and go to the scalp to feed. Therefore, head lice products must be applied to all parts of the hair.
Once the treatment has been done according to the instructions on the packet, comb through the hair again with the fine tooth head lice comb. This will help to remove the dead eggs and lice, and possibly any eggs still living.
This is also a good time to check whether the removed lice have been killed by the treatment or are still alive. (If they are still alive this probably means that they are resistant to the insecticide.)
Care should be taken when using head lice treatment products:
- if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
- in children less than 12 months old
- in people who have allergies, open wounds on the scalp, or asthma.
All products can cause reactions. If you are unsure, check with your pharmacist or doctor.
No topical insecticide treatment kills 100 per cent of the eggs, so treatment must involve two applications, seven days apart. (This kills the lice that hatched from the eggs that didn’t die the first time around.)
For further advice and assistance call in and talk to one of our pharmacists at 132 Byron Street (next to Telstra) – we deal with this problem on a regular basis !
Inverell Pharmacy – your locally owned and operated pharmacy with more pharmacists to Assist and Advise you back to Full Health. Telephone: 0267 223146